Arn aws iam account root - Wrapping Up What is ARN in AWS? Amazon Resource Names (ARNs) are unique identifiers assigned to individual AWS resources. It can be an ec2 instance, EBS Volumes, S3 bucket, load balancers, VPCs, route tables, etc. An ARN looks like the following for an ec2 instance. arn:aws:ec2:us-east-1:4575734578134:instance/i-054dsfg34gdsfg38

 
Troubleshooting key access. The key policy that is attached to the KMS key. The key policy is always defined in the AWS account and Region that owns the KMS key. All IAM policies that are attached to the user or role making the request. IAM policies that govern a principal's use of a KMS key are always defined in the principal's AWS account. . N gen math 8 answer key free

The principal in this key policy statement is the account principal, which is represented by an ARN in this format: arn:aws:iam::account-id:root. The account principal represents the AWS account and its administrators. From what I've understood, EKS manages user and role permissions through a ConfigMap called aws-auth that resides in the kube-system namespace. So despite being logged in with an AWS user with full administrator access to all services, EKS will still limit your access in the console as it can't find the user or role in its authentication configuration.Amazon Resource Names (ARNs) uniquely identify AWS resources. We require an ARN when you need to specify a resource unambiguously across all of AWS, such as in IAM policies, Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS) tags, and API calls. ARN format. The following are the general formats for ARNs.Using "Principal" : {"AWS" : "*" } with an Allow effect in a resource-based policy allows any root user, IAM user, assumed-role session, or federated user in any account in the same partition to access your resource. For anonymous users, these two methods are equivalent. For more information, see All principals in the IAM User Guide. PrincipalにルートユーザのARNが指定されており、ここでARNが示すものは「アカウントID 123456789012のアカウント内のIAMユーザ、ロール」です。. 余談ですが、ルートユーザはスイッチロールができません。. AWS アカウントのルートユーザー としてサインインする ...Wildcards ahead. All AWS IAM identities (users, groups, roles) and many other AWS resources (e.g. S3 buckets, SNS Topics, etc) rely on IAM policies to define their permissions. It is often necessary (or desirable) to create policies that match to multiple resources, especially when the resource names include a hash or random component that is ...In my current terraform configuration I am using a static JSON file and importing into terraform using the file function to create an AWS IAM policy. Terraform code: resource "aws_iam_policy" "example" { policy = "${file("policy.json")}" } AWS IAM Policy definition in JSON file (policy.json):AWS Identity and Access Management. AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) is a web service for securely controlling access to AWS services. With IAM, you can centrally manage users, security credentials such as access keys, and permissions that control which AWS resources users and applications can access.Wrapping Up What is ARN in AWS? Amazon Resource Names (ARNs) are unique identifiers assigned to individual AWS resources. It can be an ec2 instance, EBS Volumes, S3 bucket, load balancers, VPCs, route tables, etc. An ARN looks like the following for an ec2 instance. arn:aws:ec2:us-east-1:4575734578134:instance/i-054dsfg34gdsfg38The following example bucket policy shows how to mix IPv4 and IPv6 address ranges to cover all of your organization's valid IP addresses. The example policy allows access to the example IP addresses 192.0.2.1 and 2001:DB8:1234:5678::1 and denies access to the addresses 203.0.113.1 and 2001:DB8:1234:5678:ABCD::1. For example, AWS recommends that you use multi-factor authentication (MFA) to increase the security of your account. To learn more, see Multi-factor authentication in the AWS IAM Identity Center (successor to AWS Single Sign-On) User Guide and Using multi-factor authentication (MFA) in AWS in the IAM User Guide. AWS account root userYou can allow users from one AWS account to access resources in another AWS account. To do this, create a role that defines who can access it and what permissions it grants to users that switch to it. In this step of the tutorial, you create the role in the Production account and specify the Development account as a trusted entity.When you specify an AWS account, you can use the account ARN (arn:aws:iam::account-ID:root), or a shortened form that consists of the "AWS": prefix followed by the account ID. For example, given an account ID of 123456789012 , you can use either of the following methods to specify that account in the Principal element:Go to 'Roles' and select the role which requires configuring trust relationship. Click 'Edit trust relationship'. Please replace the account IDs and IAM usernames/roles with your account ID and IAM usernames/roles. Using the "root" option creates a trust relationship with all the IAM users/roles in that account. 5.First, check the credentials or role specified in your application code. Run the following command on the EMR cluster's master node. Replace s3://doc-example-bucket/abc/ with your Amazon S3 path. aws s3 ls s3://doc-example-bucket/abc/. If this command is successful, then the credentials or role specified in your application code are causing the ...Step 1: Create an S3 bucket. When you enable access logs, you must specify an S3 bucket for the access log files. The bucket must meet the following requirements. EDIT: you'll need two "Resources" on the policy for it to do what you intend: arn:aws:s3:::bucketname and arn:aws:s3:::bucketname/*. Actions like GetObject or PutObject need the extra slash and asterisk for them to work (they work at the object level, not at the bucket level)Oct 9, 2020 · the account principal arn:aws:iam::<your-account-number>:root the user, assumed role or federated user principal In the case of an explicit Allow if you only used the root account principal in a Principal rule in a policy statement, then any user in that account will match the allow and will be given access, since the account principal is ... Managing organizational units. PDF RSS. You can use organizational units (OUs) to group accounts together to administer as a single unit. This greatly simplifies the management of your accounts. For example, you can attach a policy-based control to an OU, and all accounts within the OU automatically inherit the policy. Typical AWS evaluation of access (opens in a new tab) to a resource is done via AWS’s policy evaluation logic that evaluates the request context, evaluates whether the actions are within a single account or cross-account (opens in a new tab) (between 2 distinct AWS accounts), and evaluating identity-based policies with resource-based policies ...The following example bucket policy shows how to mix IPv4 and IPv6 address ranges to cover all of your organization's valid IP addresses. The example policy allows access to the example IP addresses 192.0.2.1 and 2001:DB8:1234:5678::1 and denies access to the addresses 203.0.113.1 and 2001:DB8:1234:5678:ABCD::1. In the search box, type AWSElasticBeanstalk to filter the policies. In the list of policies, select the check box next to AWSElasticBeanstalkReadOnly or AdministratorAccess-AWSElasticBeanstalk. Choose Policy actions, and then choose Attach. Select one or more users and groups to attach the policy to.The AWS secrets engine generates AWS access credentials dynamically based on IAM policies. This generally makes working with AWS IAM easier, since it does not involve clicking in the web UI. Additionally, the process is codified and mapped to internal auth methods (such as LDAP). The AWS IAM credentials are time-based and are automatically ... "AWS": "arn:aws:iam::account_id:root" If you specify an Amazon Resource Name (ARN) for the principal, the ARN is transformed to a unique principal ID when the policy is saved. For example endpoint policies for gateway endpoints, see the following:Using "Principal" : {"AWS" : "*" } with an Allow effect in a resource-based policy allows any root user, IAM user, assumed-role session, or federated user in any account in the same partition to access your resource. For anonymous users, these two methods are equivalent. For more information, see All principals in the IAM User Guide. 1 Answer. Sorted by: 2. Role ARNs always have the form arn:aws:iam:: {account number}:role/ {role name}. If you're creating two roles that reference each other, you should template out the ARNS rather than referencing the resources directly. This avoids a circular reference. You can get your account number like this: data "aws_caller_identity ...The alias ARN is the Amazon Resource Name (ARN) of an AWS KMS alias. It is a unique, fully qualified identifier for the alias, and for the KMS key it represents. An alias ARN includes the AWS account, Region, and the alias name. At any given time, an alias ARN identifies one particular KMS key.Using "Principal" : {"AWS" : "*" } with an Allow effect in a resource-based policy allows any root user, IAM user, assumed-role session, or federated user in any account in the same partition to access your resource. For anonymous users, these two methods are equivalent. For more information, see All principals in the IAM User Guide.For example, a principal similar to arn:aws:iam::123456789012:root allows all IAM identities of the account to assume that role. For more information, see Creating a role to delegate permissions to an IAM user . Troubleshooting key access. When authorizing access to a KMS key, AWS KMS evaluates the following: The key policy that is attached to the KMS key. The key policy is always defined in the AWS account and Region that owns the KMS key. All IAM policies that are attached to the user or role making the request.To use the IAM API to list your uploaded server certificates, send a ListServerCertificates request. The following example shows how to do this with the AWS CLI. aws iam list- server -certificates. When the preceding command is successful, it returns a list that contains metadata about each certificate. You must add permissions that allow specific AWS principals to create an interface VPC endpoint to connect to your endpoint service. To add permissions for an AWS principal, you need its Amazon Resource Name (ARN). The following list includes the ARNs for several example AWS principals.Sep 6, 2020 · Teams. Q&A for work. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Learn more about Teams For Actions, start typing AssumeRole in the Filter box and then select the check box next to it when it appears. Choose Resources, ensure that Specific is selected and then choose Add ARN. Enter the AWS member account ID number and then enter the name of the role that you previously created in steps 1–8. Choose Add.In the search box, type AWSElasticBeanstalk to filter the policies. In the list of policies, select the check box next to AWSElasticBeanstalkReadOnly or AdministratorAccess-AWSElasticBeanstalk. Choose Policy actions, and then choose Attach. Select one or more users and groups to attach the policy to.Example with root account accessing "Account": You Need Permissions You don't have permission to access billing information for this account. Contact your AWS administrator if you need help. If you are an AWS administrator, you can provide permissions for your users or groups by making sure that (1) this account allows IAM and federated users ... Teams. Q&A for work. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Learn more about TeamsAug 6, 2020 · Can you write an s3 bucket policy that will deny access to all principals except a particular IAM role and AWS service role (e.g. billingreports.amazonaws.com).. I have tried using 'Deny' with 'NotPrincipal', but none of the below examples work as I don't think the ability to have multiple types of principals is supported by AWS? You can allow users from one AWS account to access resources in another AWS account. To do this, create a role that defines who can access it and what permissions it grants to users that switch to it. In this step of the tutorial, you create the role in the Production account and specify the Development account as a trusted entity.aws sts assume-role gives AccessDenied. There is a trust set up between the role and Account1 (requiring MFA) I can assume the role in account 2 in the web console without any problems. I can also do aws s3 ls --profile named-profile successfully. However, if I try to run aws sts assume-role with the role arn, I get an error:The alias ARN is the Amazon Resource Name (ARN) of an AWS KMS alias. It is a unique, fully qualified identifier for the alias, and for the KMS key it represents. An alias ARN includes the AWS account, Region, and the alias name. At any given time, an alias ARN identifies one particular KMS key.See the example aws-auth.yaml file from Enabling IAM user and role access to your cluster. 7. Add designated_user to the mapUsers section of the aws-auth.yaml file in step 6, and then save the file. 8. Apply the new configuration to the RBAC configuration of the Amazon EKS cluster: kubectl apply -f aws-auth.yaml. 9.EDIT: you'll need two "Resources" on the policy for it to do what you intend: arn:aws:s3:::bucketname and arn:aws:s3:::bucketname/*. Actions like GetObject or PutObject need the extra slash and asterisk for them to work (they work at the object level, not at the bucket level)Step 1: Create an S3 bucket. When you enable access logs, you must specify an S3 bucket for the access log files. The bucket must meet the following requirements. Using "Principal" : {"AWS" : "*" } with an Allow effect in a resource-based policy allows any root user, IAM user, assumed-role session, or federated user in any account in the same partition to access your resource. For anonymous users, these two methods are equivalent. For more information, see All principals in the IAM User Guide. AWS ended support for enabling SMS multi-factor authentication (MFA). We recommend that customers who have IAM users that use SMS text message-based MFA switch to one of the following alternative methods: virtual (software-based) MFA device, FIDO security key, or hardware MFA device.An ARN for an IAM user might look like the following: arn:aws:iam::account-ID-without-hyphens:user/Richard. A unique identifier for the IAM user. This ID is returned only when you use the API, Tools for Windows PowerShell, or AWS CLI to create the IAM user; you do not see this ID in the console.At this year's AWS re:Inforce, session IAM433, AWS Sr. Solutions Architect Matt Luttrell and AWS Sr. Software Engineer for IAM Access Analyzer Dan Peebles delved into some of AWS IAM’s most arcane edge cases – and why they behave as they do. The session took a deep dive into AWS IAM internal evaluation mechanisms never shared before and ...VDOM DHTML tml>. What is “root” in AWS IAM? - Quora. Something went wrong. CloudTrail logs attempts to sign in to the AWS Management Console, the AWS Discussion Forums, and the AWS Support Center. All IAM user and root user sign-in events, as well as all federated user sign-in events, generate records in CloudTrail log files. AWS Management Console sign-in events are global service events.AWS account root user – The request context contains the following value for condition key aws:PrincipalArn. When you specify the root user ARN as the value for the aws:PrincipalArn condition key, it limits permissions only for the root user of the AWS account. This is different from specifying the root user ARN in the principal element of a ... Jan 20, 2022 · From what I've understood, EKS manages user and role permissions through a ConfigMap called aws-auth that resides in the kube-system namespace. So despite being logged in with an AWS user with full administrator access to all services, EKS will still limit your access in the console as it can't find the user or role in its authentication configuration. AWS account root user – The request context contains the following value for condition key aws:PrincipalArn. When you specify the root user ARN as the value for the aws:PrincipalArn condition key, it limits permissions only for the root user of the AWS account. This is different from specifying the root user ARN in the principal element of a ...To invite an IAM user, enter arn:aws:iam::123456789012:user/MyUser. Replace 123456789012 with your AWS account ID and replace MyUser with the name of the user. To invite the AWS account root user, enter arn:aws:iam::123456789012:root. Replace 123456789012 with your AWS account ID.For example, if the they obtained temporary security credentials by assuming a role, this element provides information about the assumed role. If they obtained credentials with root or IAM user credentials to call AWS STS GetFederationToken, the element provides information about the root account or IAM user. This element has the following ... In my current terraform configuration I am using a static JSON file and importing into terraform using the file function to create an AWS IAM policy. Terraform code: resource "aws_iam_policy" "example" { policy = "${file("policy.json")}" } AWS IAM Policy definition in JSON file (policy.json):The alias ARN is the Amazon Resource Name (ARN) of an AWS KMS alias. It is a unique, fully qualified identifier for the alias, and for the KMS key it represents. An alias ARN includes the AWS account, Region, and the alias name. At any given time, an alias ARN identifies one particular KMS key.AWS account root user – The request context contains the following value for condition key aws:PrincipalArn. When you specify the root user ARN as the value for the aws:PrincipalArn condition key, it limits permissions only for the root user of the AWS account. This is different from specifying the root user ARN in the principal element of a ... AWS account root user – The request context contains the following value for condition key aws:PrincipalArn. When you specify the root user ARN as the value for the aws:PrincipalArn condition key, it limits permissions only for the root user of the AWS account. This is different from specifying the root user ARN in the principal element of a ...All principals More information Specifying a principal You specify a principal in the Principal element of a resource-based policy or in condition keys that support principals. You can specify any of the following principals in a policy: AWS account and root user IAM roles Role sessions IAM users Federated user sessions AWS services All principals When you specify an AWS account, you can use the account ARN (arn:aws:iam::account-ID:root), or a shortened form that consists of the "AWS": prefix followed by the account ID. For example, given an account ID of 123456789012 , you can use either of the following methods to specify that account in the Principal element:Managing organizational units. PDF RSS. You can use organizational units (OUs) to group accounts together to administer as a single unit. This greatly simplifies the management of your accounts. For example, you can attach a policy-based control to an OU, and all accounts within the OU automatically inherit the policy. Policies and the root user. The AWS account root user is affected by some policy types but not others. You cannot attach identity-based policies to the root user, and you cannot set the permissions boundary for the root user. However, you can specify the root user as the principal in a resource-based policy or an ACL. In my current terraform configuration I am using a static JSON file and importing into terraform using the file function to create an AWS IAM policy. Terraform code: resource "aws_iam_policy" "example" { policy = "${file("policy.json")}" } AWS IAM Policy definition in JSON file (policy.json):The aws_iam_role.assume_role resource references the aws_iam_policy_document.assume_role for its assume_role_policy argument, allowing the entities specified in that policy to assume this role. The AWS secrets engine generates AWS access credentials dynamically based on IAM policies. This generally makes working with AWS IAM easier, since it does not involve clicking in the web UI. Additionally, the process is codified and mapped to internal auth methods (such as LDAP). The AWS IAM credentials are time-based and are automatically ...All principals More information Specifying a principal You specify a principal in the Principal element of a resource-based policy or in condition keys that support principals. You can specify any of the following principals in a policy: AWS account and root user IAM roles Role sessions IAM users Federated user sessions AWS services All principals If you attach the required permissions to the IAM entity, then any principal in the AWS account 111122223333 has root access to the KMS key. Resolution. You can prevent IAM entities from accessing the KMS key and allow the root user account to manage the key. This also prevents the root user account from losing access to the KMS key. To find the ARN of an IAM role, run the [aws iam get-role][2] command or just go and check it from the IAM service in your account web console UI. An AWS account ID; The string "*" to represent all users; Additionally, review the Principal elements in the policy and check that they're formatted correctly. If the Principal is one user, the ...You can create root user access keys with the IAM console, AWS CLI, or AWS API. A newly created access key has the status of active, which means that you can use the access key for CLI and API calls. You are limited to two access keys for each IAM user, which is useful when you want to rotate the access keys. Wildcards ahead. All AWS IAM identities (users, groups, roles) and many other AWS resources (e.g. S3 buckets, SNS Topics, etc) rely on IAM policies to define their permissions. It is often necessary (or desirable) to create policies that match to multiple resources, especially when the resource names include a hash or random component that is ...Mainly there are four different way to setup the access via cli when cluster was created via IAM role. 1. Setting up the role directly in kubeconfig file.Troubleshooting key access. The key policy that is attached to the KMS key. The key policy is always defined in the AWS account and Region that owns the KMS key. All IAM policies that are attached to the user or role making the request. IAM policies that govern a principal's use of a KMS key are always defined in the principal's AWS account. Using "Principal" : {"AWS" : "*" } with an Allow effect in a resource-based policy allows any root user, IAM user, assumed-role session, or federated user in any account in the same partition to access your resource. For anonymous users, these two methods are equivalent. For more information, see All principals in the IAM User Guide. As per the documentation, you will be required to add "sts:GetServiceBearerToken" access in your access policy as well.. The codeartifact:GetAuthorizationToken and sts:GetServiceBearerToken permissions are required to call the GetAuthorizationToken API.It represents the account, so yes it us both the account root user (non-IAM) and since IAM users, roles exist under the account this as a Principal will also mean all calls authenticated by the account. This predates the existence of IAM. Many people mistakenly use Principal: “*” which means any AWS authenticated credential in any account ...Go to IAM. Go to Roles. Choose Create role. When asked to select which service the role is for, select EC2 and choose Next:Permissions . You will change this to AWS Control Tower later. When asked to attach policies, choose AdministratorAccess. Choose Next:Tags. You may see an optional screen titled Add tags.AWS S3 deny all access except for 1 user - bucket policy. I have set up a bucket in AWS S3. I granted access to the bucket for my IAM user with an ALLOW policy (Using the Bucket Policy Editor). I was able to save files to the bucket with the user. I have been working with the bucket for media serving before, so it seems the default action is to ...Aug 23, 2021 · In section “AWS account principals” the AWS informs us that when specifying an AWS account, we can use ARN (arn:aws:iam::AWS-account-ID:root), or a shortened form that consists of the AWS: prefix followed by the account ID: KMS and Key Policy. KMS is a managed service for the creation, storage, and management of cryptographic keys. AWS Identity and Access Management. AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) is a web service for securely controlling access to AWS services. With IAM, you can centrally manage users, security credentials such as access keys, and permissions that control which AWS resources users and applications can access. IAM ARNs. Most resources have a friendly name for example, a user named Bob or a user group named Developers. However, the permissions policy language requires you to specify the resource or resources using the following Amazon Resource Name (ARN) format. arn: partition: service: region: account: resource. Where:Elastic Load Balancing provides access logs that capture detailed information about requests sent to your load balancer. Each log contains information such as the time the request was received, the client's IP address, latencies, request paths, and server responses. You can use these access logs to analyze traffic patterns and troubleshoot issues. For example, a principal similar to arn:aws:iam::123456789012:root allows all IAM identities of the account to assume that role. For more information, see Creating a role to delegate permissions to an IAM user .The permissions that are required to administer IAM groups, users, roles, and credentials usually correspond to the API actions for the task. For example, in order to create IAM users, you must have the iam:CreateUser permission that has the corresponding API command: CreateUser. To allow an IAM user to create other IAM users, you could attach ...If you have 2FA enabled. You need to generate session token using this command aws sts get-session-token --serial-number arn-of-the-mfa-device --token-code code-from-token. arn-of-the-mfa-device can be found in your profile, 2FA section. Token, is generated token from the device.The permissions that are required to administer IAM groups, users, roles, and credentials usually correspond to the API actions for the task. For example, in order to create IAM users, you must have the iam:CreateUser permission that has the corresponding API command: CreateUser. To allow an IAM user to create other IAM users, you could attach ...The account ID on the AWS console. This is a 12-digit number such as 123456789012 It is used to construct Amazon Resource Names (ARNs). When referring to resources such as an IAM user or a Glacier vault, the account ID distinguishes these resources from those in other AWS accounts. Acceptable value: Account ID.

When the principal in a key policy statement is an AWS account principal expressed as arn:aws:iam::111122223333:root", the policy statement doesn't give permission to any IAM principal. Instead, it gives the AWS account permission to use IAM policies to delegate the permissions specified in the key policy.. Mandt bank atm locations

arn aws iam account root

However, if I add this to another account created, the permissions for that account and any other IAM users in that account are not having permissions anymore. I am confused. here are the docs for Disallow Creation of Access Keys for the Root User. Update. The way I am implementing the policy is through Organizations SCP.You can allow users or roles in a different AWS account to use a KMS key in your account. Cross-account access requires permission in the key policy of the KMS key and in an IAM policy in the external user's account. Cross-account permission is effective only for the following operations: Cryptographic operations.To get the ARN of an IAM user, call the get-user command, or choose the IAM user name in the Users section of the IAM console and then find the User ARN value in the Summary section. If this option is not specified, CodeDeploy will create an IAM user on your behalf in your AWS account and associate it with the on-premises instance. I am creating two resources AWS Lambda function and Role using cloudformation template. I am using role arn as Environment variable. Later using it in code for S3 connection. But getting exception ...In the search box, type AWSElasticBeanstalk to filter the policies. In the list of policies, select the check box next to AWSElasticBeanstalkReadOnly or AdministratorAccess-AWSElasticBeanstalk. Choose Policy actions, and then choose Attach. Select one or more users and groups to attach the policy to.For example, if the they obtained temporary security credentials by assuming a role, this element provides information about the assumed role. If they obtained credentials with root or IAM user credentials to call AWS STS GetFederationToken, the element provides information about the root account or IAM user. This element has the following ...Oct 9, 2020 · the account principal arn:aws:iam::<your-account-number>:root the user, assumed role or federated user principal In the case of an explicit Allow if you only used the root account principal in a Principal rule in a policy statement, then any user in that account will match the allow and will be given access, since the account principal is ... Example with root account accessing "Account": You Need Permissions You don't have permission to access billing information for this account. Contact your AWS administrator if you need help. If you are an AWS administrator, you can provide permissions for your users or groups by making sure that (1) this account allows IAM and federated users ... The principal in this key policy statement is the account principal, which is represented by an ARN in this format: arn:aws:iam::account-id:root. The account principal represents the AWS account and its administrators. You can allow users from one AWS account to access resources in another AWS account. To do this, create a role that defines who can access it and what permissions it grants to users that switch to it. In this step of the tutorial, you create the role in the Production account and specify the Development account as a trusted entity. The aws_iam_role.assume_role resource references the aws_iam_policy_document.assume_role for its assume_role_policy argument, allowing the entities specified in that policy to assume this role. Typical AWS evaluation of access (opens in a new tab) to a resource is done via AWS’s policy evaluation logic that evaluates the request context, evaluates whether the actions are within a single account or cross-account (opens in a new tab) (between 2 distinct AWS accounts), and evaluating identity-based policies with resource-based policies ...Oct 9, 2020 · the account principal arn:aws:iam::<your-account-number>:root the user, assumed role or federated user principal In the case of an explicit Allow if you only used the root account principal in a Principal rule in a policy statement, then any user in that account will match the allow and will be given access, since the account principal is ... Feb 17, 2021 · Wildcards ahead. All AWS IAM identities (users, groups, roles) and many other AWS resources (e.g. S3 buckets, SNS Topics, etc) rely on IAM policies to define their permissions. It is often necessary (or desirable) to create policies that match to multiple resources, especially when the resource names include a hash or random component that is ... .

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